Harvard's official statement regarding the plagiarism charges against Professor Tribe

According to news reports, on April 14, 2005, the president of Harvard and the dean of Harvard Law School issued a joint statement regarding the plagiarism charges made against Professor Laurence H. Tribe, a matter we previously blogged about in these posts (some minor ones excluded):

September 25: Our initial report on the Weekly Standard article by Joseph Bottum.

September 27: Our report on the Harvard Crimson article and on comments by Professor Glenn Reynolds (of "Instapundit").

October 3: More links to stories.

October 23: More links to stories. Also, our criticism that, unlike Professors Ogletree and Dershowitz, Professor Tribe had neither made any detailed statement regarding the charges against him, nor made himself available for any interviews concerning the charges.

October 28: Our observation that at the same time Professor Tribe was refusing to address in any detail the charges of unscholarly conduct made against him, he was making detailed charges of unscholarly conduct against the new dean of Stanford Law School

November 10: Our report on Professor Tribe's use of proxies to defend him on the plagiarism charges, and even to assert "facts" on matters as to which these proxies lacked personal knowledge (so at best they were repeating hearsay from Professor Tribe, making obvious he was thereby using the proxies to make public these asserted "facts"). Also, our argument that it would be both more effective and more honorable for Professor Tribe to address the charges further directly, rather than use proxies, particularly proxies who are subordinate to him and to some degree dependent upon him for future advancement.

November 23: Our report on the national television appearance of noted historian, and author of a recent book on plagiarism, Professor Peter Charles Hoffer, in which Professor Hoffer expressed his disappointment with Professor Tribe, who had been his son's constitutional law professor. Of note, as we also mentioned, following up on the information in the Weekly Standard article suggesting much of the 1985 book in question was written for Professor Tribe by a first-year law student (something Professor Tribe did not deny after the article came out), Professor Hoffer stated that rather than being the author of everything which is published under his name, Professor Tribe may be at least to some degree merely a "compiler" of material ghostwritten for him by others. To the best of our knowledge, to date Professor Tribe has not questioned the truth of this charge, which he could do and would do if he actually writes everything which appears under his name and thus could truthfully rebut the charge.

November 26: Our report on a November 24 New York Times article expressing our surprise and disappointment that in contrast to Professor Ogletree, who granted at least two interviews on the problems with his book, even though the reporters who approached him were only at local papers, Professor Tribe refused to grant an interview even to the New York Times. Also, our observations about Professor Tribe's continuing use of proxies, this time his office staff, to publicize as "facts" matters outside their personal knowledge -- in particular, asserted "facts" which it seems the New York Times reporter apparently was unable to confirm as true.

December 18: Our report on Dean Velvel's attack on the Harvard administration, particularly Dean Elena Kagan, for failing or say or do anything further on the topic of Professor Tribe's plagiarism.

March 28: Our report on the parody of Professor Tribe's plagiarism by Harvard law students and their efforts to publicize their parody via the Internet.

This official statement by Harvard comes four months after Dean Velvel publicly attacked Dean Kagan for her failure to do or say anything about the Tribe plagiarism case, see here, and more than six months after the plagiarism charges first surfaced in the Weekly Standard.

The most extensive news article on the statement is in yesterday’s Harvard Crimson, here. Yesterday short articles also appeared in the Boston Globe and the Boston Herald (AP story).

Because we have not yet had an opportunity to read the statement itself and the e-mail from Professor Tribe referenced in the Harvard Crimson article, we will withhold comment on this obviously important development, and will not even characterize the statement, until after we have done so. We hope to post on this within a few days, after we finish a chronological compilation we’re doing of the debate concerning the National Review article on Professor Tribe, previously mentioned here.

However, we must note for immediate attention that although the statement was apparently issued jointly by Harvard president Lawrence Summers and Harvard Law School dean Elena Kagan, no copy of the joint statement has been posted on the websites regularly used by Harvard to set forth such official statements. We are concerned about the possibility that the statement was only issued as a press release to journalists, and that Harvard does not plan to post an official copy of the statement on a Harvard website so that members of the public can read the entire statement. This would relegate members of the public to reading descriptions of the statement set forth in news articles, and would not make available to bloggers any definitive official statement to which they can link.

The statement does not appear on the Harvard president’s website, which he routinely uses to make announcements about Harvard matters pertaining to his office, and which he has even used recently to issue statements regarding his controversial remarks made in a largely personal capacity about possibly innate differences in the intellect of men and women. See here and here.

Similarly, the statement does not appear on Harvard Law School’s news site used to make a myriad of announcements regarding matters relating to the school, some relatively minor. See here. For example, this is where the official statement regarding Professor Ogletree’s plagiarism was posted, and where it remains posted. See here.

Perhaps this was a simple oversight. Regardless of why this official statement was not posted on a Harvard website on the day it was released, we hope and expect it will promptly be placed on both the Harvard president’s website and the Harvard Law School news website, which will help minimize any perception that Harvard’s failure to post the official statement is part of some sort of public relations effort to minimize awareness and criticism of the exact contents of the official statement, and to downplay the matter of Professor Tribe's plagiarism in general.

For other mentions of the Harvard statement regarding Professor Tribe to date (we will try to update this listing if more items come out in the next few days), see:


April 14

The widely read “Betsy’s Page” blog by a high school history teacher is apparently the first to comment on Harvard's official statement, here, opining: “Come on. If a student at Harvard did the same thing, would they excuse it as an honest mistake? . . . I guess the message is that if you're a big shot, we can give you a slap on the wrist, and trust in your professional standards.”

Freerepublic.com posts part of the AP story and has commentary on it, here. (If anyone can provide us with further information on one point mentioned in the commentary, a petition Professor Tribe assertedly signed many years ago which once criticized he said he never read, please e-mail us, as it may be relevant to part of our analysis of the National Review article on Professor Tribe.)

From the Harvard Crimson story and this New York Post story, it appears on the day Harvard's official statement was released, Professor Tribe was unavailable to provide immediate answers to press inquiries because he was in New York preparing to defend a New York hotel owner’s constitutional right to turn hotel rooms into condominiums. We trust Professor Tribe will make himself available for press inquiries in the near future on the presumably even more important matter of his academic work and academic reputation -- in particular, on what exactly he and his research assistants did on the 1985 book which copied from Professor Abraham, and who did the copying -- just as did Professor Ogletree made himself available for press inquiries after his statement was released last September.

“University Diaries," which has covered Harvard plagiarism stories in the past, reprints the Boston Herald story on the Harvard statement here.


April 15

Howard Bashman, as usual, is the first legal blog to link to this story, here.

The Washington Post has a brief report, here.

CNN.com reprints the AP story on Harvard's official statement, here.

“LawyerNews.com” likewise reprints the AP story, here.

“The SanityPrompt” blog has this report on the Chronicle of Higher Education’s coverage of the Harvard statement, sarcastically noting the “growing little industry of plagiarists” at Harvard, and the severe punishment handed out to “students caught plagiarizing.”

Inside Higher Ed” has this brief report.


April 16

In the “IPBIZ” blog, a lawyer briefly recaps the Tribe plagiarism matter and the double standard regarding how harshly student plagiarism is treated compared to plagiarism by professors, but suggests the story “will now fade into the shadows,” concluding: “I don’t think this story has legs. Maybe it ought to.” For an earlier item, see here.

"JawsBlog" asks "what the results of this case would have been say, if a Harvard student had done the exact same thing as Tribe in one of his papers. How would s/he have been treated by a faculty board/pannel? Would they be found guilty of a transgression of academic dishonesty?" It asks if there is "a double standard here for Professors" and if so, "what kind of message does that send through the academy"?


(Update, 4/21/05 and 4/25/05)

April 16

Echoing the teacher's reaction set forth on "Betsy's Page" (April 14, above), an English teacher, Michael W. Hobson, has this reaction to Harvard's official announcement regarding Professor Tribe's plagiarism:

should i thank these people?

It's research paper time again in my English classes. And sure enough, like clockwork, another plagiarism scandal has hit the news . . . . It's a strange sort of comfort, knowing I can count on an annual headline to illustrate for my students the seriousness of academic integrity. I never have to pull out an old article -- I get a new one every year.

April 18

A blogger on "Stationary Bandit" asks this question:

Punishing Plagiarism at Harvard. What happens when a Harvard Law Professor committs plagiarism? Nothing. * * * I wonder if the students are also reproached if they "unintentionally" take another's ideas without attribution?

April 19

Echoing an earlier editorial about the Ogletree matter, the student-written Harvard Crimson has this editorial about the outcome of the Tribe matter, entitled: "A Disappointing Double Standard: Tribe's rebuke amounts to little more than a slap on the wrist."


April 21

A commentator on "Instapunk," in a post which may elicit the response, "but what do you really think?," has this comment:

The Far Side of the Charles River
Of all the wretched things at Harvard, I cannot be alone in thinking that Lawrence Tribe is the worst. Perhaps, in charity, we can hope that his left-wing crusades have been as phoney as his pretensions to respectable scholarship, and that he's always been committed to whatever he does just for the money . . .

UPDATE (5/6/05)

On May 2, The Harvard Crimson published this letter by seven current or former Harvard Law School students who have worked for Professor Tribe, entitled, "University Responded Properly to Tribe's Transgressions," and contesting or placing into perspective several aspects of The Crimson's April 19 editorial on the Tribe matter.

The letter was signed by Daniel Richenthal, Michael B. Fertik, and Stephen L. Shackelford, and it was co-authored by Jeffrey Jamison, Tara Grove, Chris Egleson, and John Rappaport. We are looking closely at aspects of this letter and will likely address it in a future post.

For our previous comments expressing concern about Professor Tribe's evident reliance on proxies, particularly ones subordinate to him, which we see as both counterproductive and perhaps not the most honorable course of action, see here (under the entry for October 18), here, and here.


On May 3, the "IPBIZ" blog reprinted several key paragaphs of Dean Velvel's lengthy post on Tribe, Summers, and Kagan, here.

The return of the fake blog "by" Professor Tribe

Last November, we did a bit of detective work into a fake blog purporting to be "by" Professor Tribe which for at least a short while was active at thebigmahatma.blogspot.com. See here. For a related post, see here.

As Amber Taylor was the first to report, and as we also learned via an anonymous e-mail apparently sent by the blogger behind the fake blog in an effort to get attention, the blog, entitled "The Big Mahatma," is back. See here.

Most of the blog seems devoted not to the plagiarism story involving Professor Tribe, but to highlighting a somewhat embarrassing home page he apparently once had on his family's website some years ago, with most of the material in the blog playing off Professor Tribe's tendency (at least on that home page) to chat unselfconsciously about himself and his personal interests with little if any heed to who might read it, and how it might strike others.

Some of the links tend to suggest that some of Professor Tribe's statements on his own home page were insincere or inaccurate. Some of the links are very negative, actually quite offensive.

It is frankly unclear to us whether the references to Judge Alex Kozinski are intended to portray him in a positive light, as "cool" and "hip," in implied contrast to Professor Tribe, or whether they are part of an effort to paint both him and Professor Tribe as equally kooky. We are a bit surprised that such a respected judge would disclose such personal details on the Internet, although we have to admit that the more we looked at the personal information on him, the more we liked what we saw.

"The Big Mahatma" blog may simply be a one-shot April Fool's joke of some sort, as it was posted on April 1, and it has a quote suggesting Professor Tribe is a "Fool." (If so, then it seems what was posted in November may have been a draft which was inadvertently left online and was never meant to be seen, which would explain why there apparently was no effort to publicize it.) If there are further posts we will cover them, at least to the extent they bear on the plagiarism story.

We will also try to contact the "mysterious stranger" behind the blog (to use Amber Taylor's term, although we suspect the stranger isn't totally mysterious to Ms. Taylor, although we also doubt she herself is the blogger) in an effort to obtain some better idea of who is doing it, and why.

More on Harvard Law School parody -- and Tribe e-mail

We have received a very helpful e-mail from a student in Professor Tribe's constitutional law class, supplying us with a copy of Professor Tribe's e-mail to his class which was lampooned in the Harvard parody blog mentioned in our last post, here. It provides useful background for understanding the launch of the "Harvard Parody" blog, which we mention in an update yesterday here (bottom of post on parody).

The e-mail was sent on the evening of March 14, and read:

I'm told the parody, which I had hoped to see with my wife on Saturday evening but had to miss, contained some pretty funny stuff about me. The only thing I've heard that I wish I could comment on but don't feel free to say anything about just yet is the business of my supposedly copying some passages from somebody else's work without sufficiently crediting the original author. Because you ought to care about such things, especially when they involve your own professors, I wouldn't blame you for wanting to know more about the matter. Hopefully, I'll be free to satisfy whatever curiosity you might have about it before the semester ends.

-- Larry Tribe

We find it quite surprising that a public intellectual of Professor Tribe's stature would remain silent for months while journalists and other academics (most notably, Dean Velvel) pressed him for an explanation of how passages from another scholar's book ended up in his own book, but then would break his silence in response to a student-performed parody. Plainly it seems that more parodies on this subject are in order!

Sadly, the student informs us that, to try to deflect attention from this matter Professor Tribe actually joked about the parody in the next day's class session. Tribe apparently said that the reason he had to miss the parody was that he had received a couple of Nobel Prizes over the weekend, and he'd also been hit with a lawsuit by Steven Spielberg claiming  that Tribe's most recent book, "Saving  Private Ryan," somehow infringed on a movie Spielberg had done. The student indicated that these comments struck most students as odd, even pathetic, especially when combined with Tribe's e-mail indicating that he was unwilling to explain in simple terms exactly how parts of Professor Abraham's book somehow found their way into Tribe's book.

Harvard Law School Parody

In a fascinating development, Harvard Law School students in a recent annual parody production included a song parodying Professors Tribe and Ogletree for their plagiarism. Indeed, the students seem so intent on using humor to spotlight the plagiarism issue that they recently released an audio of the song, and the lyrics, to both Howard Bashman of the "How Appealing" blog, and The Weekly Standard, which as you may recall last September published one of the first articles on Professor Ogletree's plagiarism (our coverage of that and other stories can be found here), and then broke the news about Professor Tribe's plagiarism of Professor Abraham.

(Hat tip: Howard Bashman was the first to cover this development, here, when he linked to the audio of the song, "I'm Larry Tribe," which can be found here. Shortly thereafter, he posted the full lyrics to the song here.)

The song is hilarious in its depiction of Professor Tribe's plagiarism and his downfall as a result of coverage of Professor Ogletree's plagiarism, which then prompted the tip about Professor Tribe's own plagiarism after Professor Tribe had the temerity to comment on Dean Velvel's blog about the significant problem of some scholars passing off others' work as their own (see Sept. 29, 2004, e-mail from Joseph Bottum at the end of this post). We think the song is a good illustration of our comment last October, following Judge Posner's joke about the plagiarism scandals during a trip to Harvard Law School, and following a similar joke by Professor Brian Leiter, that if the professors involved and the administration will not candidly face this issue, at least the rest of us can have a bit of fun, and try to keep the spotlight on the issue, by joking about it (see here, under both our introductory comments about Professor Tribe and under the item dated Oct. 19, 2004).

For the brief item in The Weekly Standard mentioned by Mr. Bashman, see here.

If any reader saw the parody production and has any additional information or comments for us, please let us know. We will do our best to reach out to various students, in particular the writers of the parody production, for comment, either on or off the record.


UPDATE (3/30)

Browsing through our referral logs, we just noticed what appears to be a further effort by Harvard Law School students to publicize their parody of Professors Tribe and Ogletree, through a new "Harvard Parody" blog, located at harvardparody.blogspot.com.

The person(s) behind it go by the pseudonym "Frumpy the HLS Clown," who apparently is some sort of unofficial mascot of the Harvard Law School Drama Society which does the law school parody production each year. It's unclear to us whether "Frumpy" is an actual student at the law school, like the student who writes "Fenno" for the law school newspaper, or just a character who has appeared in past productions; perhaps someone could clarify this for us. We will also try to contact "Frumpy" at the e-mail address listed on the blog (revengeoftheclown@hotmail.com), and we will report anything we learn.

We thank "Frumpy" for the several links to our blog. We will try to return the favor by covering any further developments on the Harvard Parody blog, at least regarding plagiarism at Harvard. To date, at least based on a quick check of search engines mentioning the blog, it appears to have received little attention, perhaps due to its rather over-the-top, overtly mean-spirited tone (which is evidently an aspect of the "Frumpy the HLS Clown" persona, or perhaps a parody of that persona) which may make bloggers reluctant to link to it. As for us, if it relates to plagiarism at Harvard, we have no such reluctance!

For the brief mentions of the Harvard Parody blog to date, see:

The post of Harvard law student Amber Taylor on the blog, and her update denying she is "Frumpy," here.

The humorous post of lawyer Tom Veal, here.

Two minor posts, here and here.

National Review article on Professor Tribe

About a month ago the National Review published an article on Professor Laurence Tribe which took as its predicate Professor Tribe's own 2002 letter to The Harvard Crimson defending Doris Kearns Goodwin against the plagiarism charges brought against her (for more background on the Goodwin case, see here).

In his letter, Professor Tribe distinguished Goodwin's case as much less serious than that of other scholars (evidently referring to scholars such as Joseph Ellis) "who have been caught falsifying as fact what was, in truth, fantasy — either about their own lives or about the events they were chronicling," and he stated that "purveying false or misleading information" is "the cardinal sin for any scholar."

According to the National Review article, Tribe himself committed this "cardinal sin" in 2003 in an essay about his first U.S. Supreme Court argument.

The article is by National Review senior editor Ramesh Ponnuru and is entitled: "How to Be a Hero of Liberty." It appeared in the print edition dated March 14, 2005, and first appeared online February 25, 2005. An electronic copy is available online here.

The essay by Professor Tribe discussed in the article, which appeared in the Green Bag legal journal in 2003, is available online as a PDF file (courtesy of Legal Affairs) here: Part 1 and Part 2.

There has been a considerable amount of blog commentary concerning the National Review article, both pro and con, since it came out, but we have refrained from posting anything on this subject out of a desire to give Professor Tribe the benefit of the doubt until we have an opportunity to see both his reply letter in the National Review and Ponnuru's reply to that letter, which according to Ponnuru are due out in the next issue. We hope that the National Review will make Professor Tribe's letter and Ponnuru's reply freely available on its website, just as was the original article, so everyone interested will be able to fully evaluate the exchange and draw their own conclusions.

We will update this post once links to the letter and reply become available. We will then try to do an a chronological listing of all known links to Internet-available material concerning this story. We may also take the relatively rare step (for us) of editorializing on this topic, as we believe much of the commentary to date dwells on minor details and on the motives of those on both sides, and does not get to the heart of the issue concerning Professor Tribe's 2003 Green Bag essay: namely, whether it meets the standards Professor Tribe himself laid down for judging other scholars, in his 2002 letter to The Crimson regarding Goodwin.


UPDATE (3/29)

The National Review has now published Professor Tribe's letter to the editor, and Ramesh Ponnuru's reply, and they are freely available online here. (Hat tip: Howard Bashman, "How Appealing")

We plan to post further on the National Review article, time permitting.

Plagiarism on a Harvard professors' webpage

It now appears from this Harvard Crimson article that Harvard professors are branching out to committing plagiarism on Internet websites. Seriously, this incident does not appear to reflect any misconduct by the professors themselves, but it should not pass without comment -- at least not on a blog devoted to plagiarism at Harvard!

Outrageous double standard at Harvard

This February 16 article in The Crimson revisits the outrageous double standard at Harvard concerning plagiarism: the students are routinely disciplined for relatively minor infractions, while the professors experience little or no tangible consequence for major infractions.

Dean Velvel on "Plagiarism and Gonzalezism"

Dean Velvel has an interesting series of posts on what he terms "Plagiarism and Gonzalezism," with the main post here. For reactions and further commentary, see here, here, here, and here.

Dean Velvel on Joseph Ellis

Dean Velvel has a new post which is somewhat related to the Harvard plagiarism scandals, on Joseph Ellis, who got in trouble awhile back for fictionalizing key elements of his personal biography. See here. For commentary, see here.

Chronicle of Higher Education -- Special Report on plagiarism

The December 17 edition of the Chronicle of Higher Education has a Special Report on plagiarism, which is accessible free of charge on its website, with the starting page here.

Among the fascinating items which are part of the Special Report is a live colloquy featuring a number of professors, including Professor Peter Charles Hoffer, author of an inportant new book on plagiarism (see here and here).

Also, we recommend this update on the status of six past plagiarism cases, including the Ogletree and Tribe cases.


Update (4/24/05): Another periodical concerned with higher education, Harvard Magazine, has a brief but very solid item on the Ogletree and Tribe cases in its November-December issue, entitled "Where Credit is Due," here.

Dean Velvel criticizes Dean Kagan's inaction on plagiarism by star professors at Harvard Law School

Dean Velvel has posted again on the Harvard Law School plagiarism stories involving Professors Ogletree and Tribe, and the lack of morality at Harvard on issues relating to academic honesty, slamming in particular Dean Elena Kagan for her failure to do or say anything further on the topic. See here.

There has been some commentary on his post. See here, here, and here.

Harvard researcher caught plagiarizing grant application

Proving that recent plagiarism at Harvard is not confined to the Law School, it has recently been reported that a researcher at the Harvard School of Public Health lost his job becuase of plagiarism in a grant application, combined with an effort to pin the blame on a student.

For the December 6 Harvard Crimson story, see here.

For an earlier Boston Globe story, see here.

Another fake blog "by" Professor Tribe?

In a somewhat puzzling development, especially after the "extremely elaborate fake blog purporting to mock Professor Tribe" which we reported on just last week, here, on December 2 at least two major blogs announced that Professor Tribe had started a blog, entitled "The Tribe Blog," which is located here, but which did not appear to say much of anything.

The first major blog to report it was "The Volokh Conspiracy," which at 9:59 a.m. announced (apparently referring to the recently launched blog of Richard Posner and Gary Becker), "ANOTHER LEGAL TITAN ENTERS THE BLOGOSPHERE," and linked to "The Tribe Blog." See here. Then Howard Bashman's blog, "How Appealing," linked to "The Tribe Blog," here.

Both blogs quickly thereafter posted again, stating that "The Tribe Blog" was a fraud and Professor Tribe did not really have a blog, without explaining how they had been fooled into believing the blog was real (particularly because on its face it does not look real). See here and here.

For other mentions of "The Tribe Blog," including speculation as to whether it was a hoax on the blogs who reported it, or intended as commentary on the plagiarism charges against Professor Tribe, or something else, see here, here, and here.

Readers can draw their own conclusions, but what strikes us as odd is that "The Tribe Blog" is not particularly elaborate, and the earlier fake blog which apparently was focused on mocking Professor Tribe was quite elaborate, so it seems there are now, or at least have been, two completely different fake blogs which purport to be "by" Professor Tribe.

Fake blog on Professor Tribe

In doing google searches to find new material for this blog, yesterday we came across this comment made on November 15 on the "Waddling Thunder" blog of a Harvard Law School student, here, concerning a blog about Professor Tribe called "The Big Mahatma."

The student observed: "I really don't know what to make of this, but I've just noticed this extremely elaborate fake blog purporting to mock Professor Tribe. I haven't the foggiest idea who could be bothered enough to do this, but there it is. Bizarre."

The page hosted at the link was not terribly informative, as it posts only an "under construction" sign, indicating that sometime between November 15 and when we noticed this yesterday, there was something fairly elaborate on the page, which is now no longer there. This was the only mention we have been able to find of the fake blog -- which raises the question, why would someone do an "extremely elaborate fake blog" mocking Professor Tribe, and then not tell anyone about it?

To try to get some idea of what was at that link on November 15, we contacted various law students who we thought might be regular readers of the Waddling Thunder blog, and one of the students had actually seen the blog (though unfortunately had not made a copy) and was kind enough to write us back. This student described it as follows (information which might identify the student in ellipses):

Gilligan,

The blog purported to be BY Professor Tribe, but it was executed in such as way as to be an obvious fake. There was a photo of Tribe in the user data box to the side and it went on at great length in pseudo-biographical fashion before discussing his befuddlement at being the subject of the recent allegations of plagiarism. I don't think it had a posted email address in the profile. The title was "The Big Mahatma" and it was several screens long, although only one post was made and there were no archives.

I found the blog around the first of November through checking my referrer logs. . . . When I clicked on the link, I wasn't able to see any links to my site, but upon some fooling around (Google cache? to be honest, I don't remember) I was able to find a previous version of the single giant post that currently graced the blog . . . . Unfortunately, I did not print the blog out or save it. I didn't link to it because it was so clearly someone poking a mean bit of fun at the professor (the first person narrative was stream-of-consciousness and rather unflattering) without casting any light on the plagiarism issue. I agree that it's a very odd occurrence and can only guess that the person in question had their jollies and is through, or that Professor Tribe somehow found out about it and asked the person to take it down.

This description of the fake blog, if anything, simply left us more confused about why someone would do something so obviously elaborate and then do nothing to publicize it, but we offer this information for whatever it might be worth.

If any of our readers have any more information on this fake blog, particularly a copy of some or all of it, please contact us so that we can try to get to the bottom of this, especially regarding anything on the blog related to the plagiarism story on Professor Tribe.

New Yorker article by Malcolm Gladwell on plagiarism

Earlier this month the New Yorker published an interesting article on plagiarisim by Malcolm Gladwell, called "Something Borrowed," asking: "Should a charge of plagiarism ruin your life?" See here.

The article mentions, though not much more than in passing, both the Goodwin plagiarism case and the Tribe plagiarism case. The mention of Dr. Goodwin is in the context of noting the increasingly serious attention which is being given to plagiarism offenses:

in the worlds of academia and publishing, plagiarism has gone from being bad literary manners to something much closer to a crime. When, two years ago, Doris Kearns Goodwin was found to have lifted passages from several other historians, she was asked to resign from the board of the Pulitzer Prize committee. And why not? If she had robbed a bank, she would have been fired the next day.

The article mentions Professor Tribe in the context of arguing that the rules defining what is "plagiarism" in the academic world have become too stringent:

The ethical rules that govern when it’s acceptable for one writer to copy another are even more extreme than the most extreme position of the intellectual-property crowd: when it comes to literature, we have somehow decided that copying is never acceptable. Not long ago, the Harvard law professor Laurence Tribe was accused of lifting material from the historian Henry Abraham for his 1985 book, “God Save This Honorable Court.” What did the charge amount to? In an exposé that appeared in the conservative publication The Weekly Standard, Joseph Bottum produced a number of examples of close paraphrasing, but his smoking gun was this one borrowed sentence: “Taft publicly pronounced Pitney to be a ‘weak member’ of the Court to whom he could not assign cases.” That’s it. Nineteen words.

In our view, Mr. Gladwell is incorrect in his factual premise. Joseph Bottum's article in the Weekly Standard established -- no one has even tried to defend Professor Tribe on the specifics -- that much of Tribe's book was copied from Professor Abraham's book. Far more than the nineteen words copied verbatim, the real "smoking gun" is the evidence marshalled by Mr. Bottum of various artful efforts to reword Professor Abraham's material so as to disguise the copying involved. See here. The Tribe plagiarism case is hardly, in our view, an example of anti-plagiarism norms run amuck.

Still, the New Yorker and Mr. Gladwell deserve credit for addressing the current debate concerning plagiarism, and for at least commenting on the Goodwin and Tribe plagiarism cases, which many major publications have declined to do, perhaps due in part to ideological and/or personal favoritism toward Dr. Goodwin and Professor Tribe.

For some blogger commentary on Mr. Gladwell's article, see here, here, here, here, here, here, here, and here

For more on Mr. Gladwell's very interesting publications, see here.

New York Times story on Professors Tribe and Ogletree

The November 24 New York Times carred an important story on plagiarism by university scholars which prominently featured the stories concerning Professors Tribe and Ogletree. See here.

The most startling aspect of the article, in our view, is that Professor Tribe refused to grant an interview to even The New York Times regarding the charges against him. By contrast, and to his credit, Professor Ogletree gave interviews on the the problems with his own book to, at minimum, the Boston Globe and the Harvard Crimson.

Of considerable interest, even though he declined comment, Professor Tribe employed his office staff to assist him in an effort to further publicize as "fact" what some of his current and former students on November 4 stated to be a "fact" (see here): that Professor Tribe, before publishing his 1985 which copied from Professor Abraham without attribution, sent Professor Abraham a pre-publication copy. Thus, the article states:

Professor Tribe declined to comment on the matter. His office released a letter that it said Professor Tribe sent to Professor Abraham 20 years ago, along with a copy of Professor Tribe's manuscript; Professor Tribe wrote that he had drawn on Professor Abraham's book, in part, and asked for his reactions.

What is especially interesting is that given the wording of this passage, it seems evident that the New York Times is in no way endorsing the authenticity of the letter released by Professor Tribe's letter, which suggests that the reporter tried to confirm the information by checking with Professor Abraham to see whether such a letter was received, but was unable to confirm the information. Thus, contrary to the idea that it is a "fact" that Professor Tribe sent a pre-publication copy to Professor Abraham, it seems that no one with personal knowledge of the matter has come forward to state that a pre-publication copy was sent. However, we will avoid passing judgment on the matter until Professor Tribe comments further on the story involving him.

Professor Hoffer suggests Professor Tribe may be merely a "compiler" of material ghostwritten by others

Reflecting one of the points about the plagiarism story concerning Professor Tribe which has troubled us most, on November 21, Professor Peter Charles Hoffer was interviewed by Brian Lamb on the C-SPAN program "Booknotes," and during the interview he mentioned that his son was once a student of Professor Tribe's; that if his son were now at Harvard Law School he would advise him to take someone other than Professor Tribe for constitutional law; and that Professor Tribe may be at least to some degree merely a "compiler" of material ghostwritten for him by others.

For general information on the program, see here. For a transcript, see here. For commentary on the program, see here.

Full text of the exchange between Dean Velvel and Professor Ogletree, arranged in chronological order

As we very briefly noted here, the recent exchange between Dean Velvel and Professor Ogletree on the Ogletree plagiarisim story, via Dean Velvel's blog posts and the e-mails between them posted on Dean Velvel's blog, is of tremendous importance in shedding light on the Ogletree plagiarism story.

Rather than offering our own editorial opinion (which we may do later), here we simply present the exchange in chronological order, untouched except for the inclusion of a few links to help guide the reader regarding what is being discussed, the breaking up of Professor Ogletree's one-paragraph e-mails into small chunks, with a paragraph for each different topic, and bolding added to the three final questions Dean Velvel asked Professor Ogletree, and the two statements Dean Velvel suggested that Professor Ogletree could make to resolve ambiguities in his past statements which, if true, would clear up once and for all the charge that parts of the book in question were drafted not by him, but by one or more ghostwriters.

For completeness, we also include the e-mail to Dean Velvel from the writers of the September 29 story on Professor Tribe in The Crimson, answering Professor Ogletree's allegations they took his remarks out of context, as both Dean Velvel and Professor Ogletree reference this e-mail.

We believe this chronological arrangement of the exchange in one document will greatly assist readers in following the exchange, compared with having to jump around various posts on Dean Velvel's blog.

For further background on coverage of the Ogletree plagiarism story generally, see here, here, and here.

We commend Dean Velvel on his vigorous efforts to help clarify exactly what Professor Ogletree's position is regarding how his book was produced. In particular we admire the respect for Professor Ogletree he demonstrated in giving Professor Ogletree every possible benefit of the doubt regarding the meaning of his previous statements, and we admire the patience he demonstrated in giving Professor Ogletree every possible opportunity to further clarify his remarks.



Dean Velvel's post of October 4, 2004 (see here)

Re: Professor Ogletree's Response

Dear Colleagues:

A September 29th posting on this blog strongly, even harshly, criticized Professor Ogletree. Here is what was said, in full relevant part:

Anyway, Professor Tribe quickly issued a mea culpa, an apology, after being "outed." He took "full responsibility" for the failure of attribution. One should applaud the immediate assumption of responsibility.

What one cannot applaud are the apparent reactions of Charles Ogletree and Alan Dershowitz to the Tribe situation. Ogletree is quoted by The Harvard Crimson as saying that the charges against Tribe are "nonsense." Nonsense? When Tribe has admitted them and apologized? It is hard to believe Ogletree said that. Is The Crimson quoting him correctly and in context? If it is, what the hell is the matter with this guy? One begins to wonder whether Harvard should keep him.

Whenever someone is criticized here, he or she (so far I don't remember any she's, however) is asked if they would like to respond. Professor Ogletree was asked. He has responded. Set forth below are the relevant context of what appeared in The Crimson, and Professor Ogletree's response to me.

The Crimson wrote:

"I have immediately written an apology to Professor Abraham, whom I -- like so many others -- hold in the highest regard," Tribe said in his statement.

The 83-year-old Abraham, who is retired from his post as a law professor at the University of Virginia, could not be reached for comment yesterday.

But both Ogletree and Dershowitz jumped to defend their colleague from the charges leveled against him.

Ogletree, speaking to The Crimson yesterday, dismissed The Standard's allegations against Tribe as "nonsense."

Professor Ogletree's response says:

My "nonsense" response was to the claim that Professor Tribe would NOT respond to the charges. He responded the very day that the matter was brought to his attention, as I imagined he would. Nothing else was said or should be implied from my comment. [Emphasis in original.]

There obviously is what one might politely call a disjunction between what The Crimson wrote and what Professor Ogletree wrote. To explicitly state the utterly obvious, The Crimson says Professor Ogletree called the charges against Professor Tribe nonsense. Professor Ogletree says he called the idea that Professor Tribe would not respond to the charges nonsense.

This all seems quite unfortunate. For either The Crimson would seem to have quoted Professor Ogletree horribly out of context (as the blog suggested might be possible), or there was a misunderstanding somehow, or Professor Ogletree's response is not true.

In view of what the first and last of the three possibilities might mean, it would seem desirable for the dramatis personnae to try to clear up what caused the disjunction. One is sorely tempted to think, one surely wants to think, that there was some sort of misunderstanding on one side or the other, or even on both sides. But one doesn't know. Given the unhappy meaning of two of the alternatives, the parties should try to clear up what happened.



October 7, 2004 e-mail to Dean Velvel from the Crimson writers who wrote the article on Professor Tribe in which Professor Ogletree was quoted (see here)

Crimson Staff's Response re. Ogletree Comments

Dear Professor Velvel:

Thank you for allowing us to respond to Professor Ogletree's allegations that we took his remarks out of context in our Sept. 27, 2004 news article. We believe that Professor Ogletree is mistaken in his recollection of our conversation.

At 2pm on Sunday, Sept. 26, we reached Professor Ogletree on his cell phone with the hopes of discussing The Weekly Standard's recent charges of plagiarism against Professor Tribe. We asked him two questions. First, we asked Professor Ogletree if he had seen The Standard's article accusing Professor Tribe of plagiarism. He said he had. Second, we said: "Do you think it rises to plagiarism?" His response -- which we read back to him to verify -- was: "It's nonsense, and Professor Tribe's rebuttals over the decades have made that clear." Professor Ogletree added that he would not comment further.

Professor Ogletree wrote that we had asked him to evaluate "the claim that Professor Tribe would NOT respond to the charges." We never made such a claim. We had left a message on Professor Tribe's home answering machine less than one hour earlier, and we had sent Professor Tribe an e-mail requesting comment just 10 minutes earlier. We expected his reply.

We were, however, perplexed by Professor Ogletree's referrence to "Tribe's rebuttals over the decades." Consequently, we called Professor Ogletree's cell phone again. We left him a message repeating his quote and asking him to explain what the second part meant. Had we been so negligent in our background research to have missed "Tribe's rebuttals over the decades"? Professor Ogletree did not respond to that message. Without further explanation from Professor Ogletree, we could not print the second part of his quote. We printed Professor Ogletree's confirmed, unambiguous assertion that The Standard's charges were "nonsense."

We are surprised that Professor Ogletree did not come to us with his concerns about the article. We feel that it would have been more appropriate for him to contact us before publicizing his objections. We have written to Professor Ogletree asking that he discuss the issue with us, but he has yet to respond. While we would prefer that this dispute be resolved in private, we feel that we must correct Professor Ogletree's inaccurate portrayal of our Sept. 26 conversation.

Best,

Daniel Hemel
Crimson Staff Writer
hemel@fas.harvard.edu

Lauren Schuker
Crimson Staff Writer
schuker@fas.harvard.edu



November 6, 2004 e-mail from Professor Ogletree to Dean Velvel (see here)

From: Charles Ogletree
To: Dean Lawrence R. Velvel"
Sent: Saturday, November 06, 2004 8:02 PM
Subject: Fwd: Re: Corrected response

[note: original was one paragraph; it has been split into multiple paragraphs for ease of reading]

Dear Dean Velvel:

I have not visited your website regularly because of my crazy schedule during the elections.

I just read the Crimson response.

I disagree with the reporter who described the conversation when he called me for a comment.

As I said before, my comment was about whether Prof. Tribe would respond to these very serious charges, not whether the work was plagiarized. How would I know? I was confident that he would respond, and as I recall, the student reporter asked me whether I could assist him in reaching Professor Tribe.

I do not read the Crimson with any regularity, and have not followed its coverage. I have though, for the past 20 years, responded to every call made by the students, on any subject, and as you can imagine, at all times of the day or night, and every day of the week.

If there was any misunderstanding about what I said or meant, for that I apologize and take full responsibility.

You also mention on your website that I and former President Bok say students wrote my book. That is not true. I wrote this book, and it was my view concerning Brown's impact on my life, from childhood, through adolescence, college, law school, and as a young lawyer.

Other than the historical work on Houston and the Marshall/King chapters, I really try to take the reader through my path as a "Brown Baby", having been born less than two years before the decision. I think you have read the book, and know that it is an historical memoir, and as I say rather clearly, designed to reach a broad public audience. As I wrote it, I listened to several people who told me to tone down the legal jargon, and I tried my best to do that.

I continue to take full responsibility for the errors, and I should not have let the pressing deadline in August influence the final edits of the book. As I said from the beginning, no one is to blame but me, and the responsibility is mine alone.



November 10, 2004, e-mail from Dean Velvel to Professor Ogletree (see here)

From: Dean Lawrence R. Velvel
To: Charles Ogletree
Sent: Wednesday, November 10, 2004 1:46 PM
Subject: Response

Dear Professor Ogletree:

Thank you very much for your email of Saturday, November 6th. I wish I could have responded to you more quickly, but I did not arrive back in the country until late Sunday night and have since been swamped trying to catch up after a nearly three week absence.

With regard to points, in your email, let me say, first, that it is gracious of you to take responsibility if there was a misunderstanding with The Crimson. It would seem that, if a misunderstanding existed, the situation was one of those common times when it will be impossible to retrospectively know exactly why the misunderstanding occurred. So it is gentlemanly of you to take the responsibility on your own shoulders.

In about the middle of your email, you make the following statement to me: "You also mention on your website that I and President Bok say students wrote my book." Professor, with the greatest respect, I am at a loss as to how you could write this in your email; I am at a loss to understand how you could write that I mention that you and President Bok say students wrote your book. As far as I can see, I said no such thing. I questioned whether you or assistants "wrote" (so to speak) the plagiarized paragraphs from Balkin. And I questioned whether the admitted insertion of these paragraphs by an assistant indicated that perhaps other parts of the book could have been written by assistants, which I thought might, at least in part, be most surprising if it were true. But where in heaven's name did I mention that you and President Bok said students had written the book? I am at a total loss to understand why you said I did this. If I am missing something, please enlighten me.

(I noticed this morning, incidentally, that after I was abroad the bloggers at Authorskeptics wrote that you and President Bok said you had law students write much of your book for you. Perhaps you have mixed up what I said with what Authorskeptics said.)

In your email, you also say to me that "I think you have read the book . . . ." You think I have read the book? Professor, the second sentence of my initial posting of September 10th says "I read and enjoyed the book earlier this year." You do not disbelieve that, do you?

Professor Ogletree, I know it is a harsh thing to say, and for that reason I almost feel badly in saying it, but don't the two just-discussed statements in your email reflect the kind of sloppiness which apparently caused the plagiarism problem in the first place?

One last point regarding statements in your email. Immediately after saying (wrongly) that I mention that you and President Bok say students wrote the book, you say, "That is not true. I wrote this book." Professor, without meaning to be Clintonesque, it depends on what the meaning of "wrote" is. Does 'wrote" mean that you wrote the first draft and each succeeding draft of the entire book? If so, it is public that you did not "write" the entire book, because about 840 words were plagiarized from Balkin. Or, does "wrote" mean that, when it came to Balkin's words, you personally made the initial decision to insert them, as opposed to merely reading them as inserted by someone else and leaving them in? The latter would not constitute "writing" that portion of the book in my opinion, but the former would. The problem here, of course, is that you have said that an assistant inserted Balkin's words in a draft section for the purpose of being reviewed, researched and summarized by another research assistant -- which does not sound as if you "wrote" the portion of the book at issue by making the initial decision to insert Balkin's words. But, regardless of how things currently sound, did you, in fact, specifically instruct the first student beforehand to insert Balkin's stuff? If so, this would put a new light on things.

And, with further regard to the meaning of "wrote," these points raise a question as to the remainder of the book. Did you personally write every word of the first and all succeeding drafts of the book apart from the Balkin material? Or did you have others write substantial drafts, or substantial drafts of entire sections, which you then reviewed and edited? If the former, then you "wrote" the entire rest of the book. If the latter, you did not.

Professor, with respect, as far as I know there have as yet been no answers to these questions. They are not resolved by the possibly bald statement that "I wrote this book." For, Clintonesque as it sounds, it does depend on what you mean by the word "wrote."

You know, although it is unfortunate that quotation marks were inadvertently omitted around Balkin's words, I have to say that, if this is "all" that occurred, it is a little hard to understand why Dean Kagan thought the matter "'a serious scholarly transgression'" after receiving the report from President Bok and Dean Clark. After all, unfortunate as it is, it sometimes does occur that writers, perhaps sloppily, inadvertently omit quotation marks. And, as far as I know, nobody is accusing you of deliberately omitting the quotation marks. So why is this matter such a big deal to Dean Kagan, and why is Harvard apparently going to impose some currently undislosed penalty, if all that occurred is inadvertent -- sloppy and negligent to be sure, but nonetheless inadvertent -- omission of quotation marks? If all that occurred is, if the only thing bothering Dean Kagan is, an inadvertent omission of quotation marks around Balkin's material, then neither Dean Kagan, nor President Bok, nor Dean Clark are doing you any favor by not coming right out and saying that this is all that occurred, is the sole reason to be troubled, and is the sole reason for the imposition of some currently undisclosed penalty.

Sincerely yours,

Lawrence R. Velvel, Dean



November 10, 2004, e-mail from Judge Richard A. Posner to Dean Velvel (see here)

From: Richard_Posner
To: Dean Lawrence R. Velvel
Sent: Wednesday, November 10, 2004 3:44 PM
Subject: Re: Fw: Re: [ Ogletree's ]Corrected response

Fine letter, Larry



November 10, 2004, e-mail from Professor Ogletree to Dean Velvel (see here)

From: Charles Ogletree
To: Dean Lawrence R. Velvel
Sent: Wednesday, November 10, 2004 5:45 PM
Subject: Re: Fw: Fw: Re: Corrected response

[note: original was one paragraph; it has been split into multiple paragraphs for ease of reading]

Dean Velvel:

Thanks for your comments. I appreciate your responsiveness.

All Deliberate Speed reflects my personal views about on Brown, and how that decision has influenced my life.

I did not mean to question whether you read the book, and trying to do too many things at once, I wrongfully attributed comments to you that were not yours.

I had the benefit of research and ideas, not only from students, but as well from colleagues who offered terrific ideas and suggestions. I adopted some and rejected others. Every word in the book is not mine. I had a terrific copy editor who was equally helpful on every aspect of the book. My book was not written by someone else, but I certainly did benefit from input by others. For that I am grateful.

You are right that, the haste in writing the note to you, without noting that someone else implied that others "wrote" the book, was wrong, and for that I apologize.

The same lack of careful attention to your email and the assistance that I received from others during the final week of the edits of the draft of the book are inexcusable, and merit whatever reactions and responses I received.

Thanks for your note, and best wishes.

Charles Ogletree
At 04:45 PM 11/10/2004



November 11, 2004, e-mail from Dean Velvel to Professor Ogletree (see here)

From: Dean Lawrence R. Velvel
To: Charles Ogletree
Sent: Thursday, November 11, 2004 4:25 PM
Subject: Re: Fw: Fw: Re: Corrected response

Dear Professor Ogletree:

Thanks for your response, and for its celerity.

Professor, your email seems to contain various mea culpas -- some implicit apologies as it were, as well as one explicit apology. But be assured that I did not feel any apology was owed to me. Yet it was kind of you to in effect apologize, and I wish to express my thanks.

Now let me apologize in turn, because of this response. I did not wish to write you again lest there be interminable back and forthing. I sincerely hope that, and at this point certainly intend that, this shall be my last substantive email to you on the subject of the discussion. But I did feel this email necessary because of some wording in your letter.

In your email you say, "I had the benefit of research and ideas, not only from students, but as well from colleagues who offered terrific ideas and suggestions. I adopted some and rejected others." So far, so good. It is laudable to have received -- and presumably to have sought out -- ideas and suggestions, and to have adopted some and rejected others.

Immediately after the above quoted sentence, you then say, "Every word in the book is not mine"-- a sentence which plainly is not to be read literally, but is to be read to mean the quite different proposition that "Not every word in the book is mine." The sentence "Every word in the book is not mine" gives rise to two questions, as discussed below.

Immediately after saying "Every word in the book is not mine," you say, "I had a terrific copy editor who was equally helpful on every aspect of the book." You then say, "My book was not written by someone else, but I certainly did benefit from input by others."

Professor, I hope I am not being obtuse or obstinate, but it does seem to me that this perhaps somewhat odd concatenation of sentences raises legitimate questions:

1. When you say that you received valuable suggestions which you adopted, and that not every word in the book is yours, I hope you are not implying that some people gave you suggestions in the form of draft language which you then inserted into the book pretty much as given to you, except for relatively minor editing changes. One hopes the idea that not every word is yours is only a (possibly infelicitous) way of saying you adopted some suggestions made by others, although you did put the suggestions entirely into your own language.

2. When you say that not every word in the book is yours, and then say that you had a copy editor who was equally helpful on all aspects of the book, are you implying that the copy editor wrote, either initially or as a redraft, substantial parts of the book? One again hopes that this is not the implication. One hopes that the copy editor did only what copy editors normally do.

3. When you say you wrote the book but benefitted from input by others, are you saying, as one hopes, that you wrote every word of the first and subsequent drafts (except for normal changes made in the editing process), and that the input from others was strictly in the form of ideas and suggestions rather than in the form of draft language which you adopted pretty much lock, stock and barrel?

Professor, as said, I hope all of this is not mere obtuseness or obstinacy. But at rock bottom the issue is a simple one. Except for normal wording changes made by others in the editing process, did you or did you not write every word of the first and subsequent drafts of the book (including making the initial decision on whether to insert Balkin's material (or other quoted material)?) I believe you could lay the whole question to rest if you can and were to make two simple statements, which, if true, could not rightly be challenged by your assistants, President Bok, Dean Clark or anyone else. Those statements would be [emphasis added]:

1. “I personally wrote every word of the first and all subsequent drafts of the book and made the initial decision on whether to include any and all quoted material, including the Balkin material."

2. "Although I received and adopted ideas and suggestions from others, those ideas and suggestions did not come to me in the form of drafts which I then inserted in the books pretty much unchanged except for some editing. Rather, I myself wrote the language that reflects those ideas and suggestions."

Professor, if these two simple statements are true, are therefore not rightly challengeable, and were to be made by you, then I think the brouhaha would be over. On the other hand, if you cannot or will not make them, then the implication which inevitably will be drawn is that parts of your book were written by others.

Professor, given the ease with which you could lay the matter to rest if you can and do make the two simple statements, and given the inevitable implication that will be drawn if you cannot or are unwilling to make the statements, I cannot presently see how any further emails from me will be necessary or desirable except to congratulate you if you can and do make the simple statements which would end the matter.

Sincerely yours,

Lawrence R. Velvel,
Dean



November 14, 2004, e-mail from Professor Ogletree to Dean Velvel (see here)

To: Dean Velvel
From: Charles Ogletree
Date: November 14, 2004

[note: original was one paragraph; it has been split into multiple paragraphs for ease of reading]

Dean Velvel:

I have answered these questions.

It is the middle of November, and my students seek my advice and counsel, my clients (including those facing the death penalty) seek my services, and my family is reasonably insisting that I modify my practice of working seven days a week.

I will attend to these matters with dispatch.

Signing off.

CJOAt 04:25 PM
11/11/2004 -0500



November 16, 2004, response by Dean Velvel (see here)

Professor Ogletree's Latest Response

Dear Colleagues:

In the attached email Professor Ogletree declines to make the two simple statements which, as said in a blog of November 11th, would, if true, lay to rest the questions arising with regard to his authorship of parts of his book. The two statements were: (1) "Except for normal word changes made by others in the editing process, I personally wrote every word of the first and all subsequent drafts of the book and made the initial decision on whether to include any and all quoted material, including the Balkin material." (2) "Although I received and adopted ideas and suggestions from others, those ideas and suggestions did not come to me in the form of drafts which I then inserted in the books pretty much unchanged except for some editing. Rather, I myself wrote the language that reflects those ideas and suggestions."

Rather than make these two statements, Professor Ogletree says, "I have answered these questions." He then goes on to give a number of at least purported reasons why he apparently (and understandably) wishes to no longer continue email correspondence on the matter. (Here he has my sympathies. As said in the post of November 11th, this blogger too does not intend to continue the email correspondence between us).

This blogger is one who believes that, especially in context, Professor Ogletree's prior statements have not in fact answered the questions and have not established his innocence beyond peradventure, but have instead led to doubt. For those who believe this, as well as for those who seem to already have arrived at a conclusion of guilt, volumes are spoken by Professor Ogletree's declination to make the two simple statements which, if true, would clear his name.

For those who hold this position, the "only" remaining questions (which would be of interest to others too) might be these:

*How frequent is the problem at the Harvard and other law schools, i.e., how often do Harvard and other law professors have assistants write parts of their articles or books? (God forbid that they should have assistants write the entirety of their articles or books. This doesn't happen, does it?)

* How frequent is the foregoing problem, at Harvard and elsewhere, in departments other than the law schools? (There has been Internet traffic leading one to believe it may be distressingly common.)

* What has Harvard done, or what does it intend to do, about the problem? Also, what do other schools intend to do about it?

* Will anything be done about the problem as it exists -- to a fare thee well -- outside the academy, i.e., will anything be done about the parading of assistants' work as one's own by judges, politicians, corporate leaders and others? In fields such as these the problem is an everyday one that exists to an extent that seems not even conceivable in one's worst nightmares about academia.

Professor Ogletree refuses to answer three basic "yes" or "no" questions posed by Dean Velvel

In a remarkable e-mail exchange with Dean Velvel, spurred largely by Professor Ogletree's own apparently incorrect statements about what Dean Velvel supposedly had said about him, Professor Ogletree has apparently indicated he is unwilling -- at least until his schedule clears up a bit -- to answer three basic "yes" or no" questions posed by Dean Velvel designed to resolve various amibiguities in Professor Ogletree's own past statements, and is equally unwilling to make the two statements Dean Velvel suggested that Professor Ogletree could make to resolve ambiguities in his past statements which, if true, would clear up once and for all the charge that parts of the book in question were drafted not by him, but by one or more ghostwriters.

We will likely revisit this matter in a future post, but for now here are the links:

Professor Ogletree's November 6 e-mail and Dean Velvel's November 10 reply, here.

Judge Posner's note to Dean Velvel complimenting him on his reply, here.

Professor Ogletree's November 10 e-mail and Dean Velvel's November 11 reply, here.

Professor Ogletree's November 14 e-mail and Dean Velvel's November 16 reply, here.

Important book on plagiarism by Professor Hoffer

There is an important new book on plagiarism which has recently been published by a prominent historian, Peter Charles Hoffer, a history professor at the University of Georgia, which examines recent plagiarism scandals involving historians, including that involving Doris Kearns Goodwin, chronicled on this blog.

The book is called Past Imperfect: Facts, Fictions, Frauds -- American History from Bancroft and Parkman to Ambrose, Bellisles, Ellis, and Goodwin. We will try to post further on this after we have a chance to read the book.

In the meantime, for websites selling the book, see here and here.

For some background on Professor Hoffer from his university website, see here and here (PDF file of C.V. ).

The most important review of the book to date appears to be the one published in the Washington Post, here.

An earlier review in the Boston Globe can be found here. For other coverage to date, see here, here, and here.


Update (2/3)

For more book reviews, or other treatments of plagiarism issues prominently mentioning the book, see:

Two important items in Slate, by Timothy Noah here, and by David Greenberg here.

Three important items from the History News Network, here, here, and here.

And various other items of possible interest here, here, here, here, and here.

Of special possible interest to readers in New York, Professor Hoffer is scheduled to speak about his book at an event to be held on June 22 at the New-York Historical Society in Manhattan. See here.